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< title > Exiv2 - Exif and Iptc metadata manipulation library and tools< / title >
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< h1 > Exif and Iptc metadata manipulation library and tools< / h1 >
< h2 > MakerNote Formats and Specifications< / h2 >
< p > According to the < a title = "The Exif 2.2 standard (PDF)" href = "http://tsc.jeita.or.jp/avs/data/cp3451.pdf" > Exif 2.2 standard< / a > , the makernote is < i > "a tag for manufacturers of Exif writers to record any desired information. The contents are up to the manufacturer, but this tag should not be used for any other than its intended purpose."< / i > Many (but not all) vendors write the makernote in IFD (Image File Directory) format, i.e., in the same format as the rest of the Exif information is encoded. Many manufacturers apparently store a lot of information in the makernote field but unfortunately, most vendors do not publish their specifications.< / p >
< p > The following table summarizes the structures of the MakerNote field used by some vendors.< / p >
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< th width = "8%" > < b > Make< / b > < / th >
< th width = "12%" > < b > Models< / b > < / th >
< th width = "32%" > < b > Format< / b > < / th >
< th width = "8%" > < b > Specs< / b > < / th >
< th width = "40%" > < b > Remarks< / b > < / th >
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< td > Canon< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > IFD< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R2" > [2]< / a > < / td >
< td > < / td >
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< td > Casio< / td >
< td > QV-3000EX, QV-2000UX, QV-8000SX< / td >
< td > IFD< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R4" > [4]< / a > < / td >
< td > " Early" versions of QV-2000UX and QV-8000SX only
have 4 bytes in the MakerNote field.< / td >
< / tr >
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< td > Fujifilm< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > IFD; starts with string " FUJIFILM" and an offset
to the first IFD, offsets are relative to the beginning of the MakerNote< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R1" > [1]< / a > < / td >
< td > Fujifilm's Exif data uses big endian (MM) byte order, but the MakerNote
uses little endian (II) alignment< / td >
< / tr >
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< td > Minolta< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > IFD< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R5" > [5]< / a > < / td >
< td > MakerNote numbers are always stored in big endian (MM) byte order< / td >
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< td > Nikon< / td >
< td > E990, D1< / td >
< td > IFD (from offset 0x00)< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R3" > [3]< / a > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
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< td > Nikon< / td >
< td > E700, E800, E900, E900S, E910, E950< / td >
< td > IFD; starts with string " Nikon\0" , IFD from offset
0x08< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R1" > [1]< / a > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
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< td > Nikon< / td >
< td > E5400, SQ, D2H, D70< / td >
< td > IFD; starts with string " Nikon\0" and a TIFF header
structure< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > The TIFF header structure indicates the byte order and the start offset
of the IFD. IFD offsets are relative to the start of the TIFF header.< / td >
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< td > Olympus < / td >
< td > D450Z(C-920Z)< / td >
< td > IFD; starts with string " OLYMP" , IFD from offset
0x07< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R1" > [1]< / a > < / td >
< td > < / td >
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< td > Sanyo< / td >
< td > DSC-MZ2< / td >
< td > IFD< / td >
< td > < a href = "#R6" > [6]< / a > < / td >
< td > Tag 0x00ff contains the offset to the start of the MakerNote(?).
The semantics of the value is different in TIFF and JPEG images< / td >
< / tr >
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< td > Sigma, Foveon< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > IFD; Starts with an 8-byte ID string " SIGMA\0\0\0" or
" FOVEON\0\0" < / td >
< td > < a href = "#R7" > [7]< / a > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
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< td > Panasonic< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > IFD; Starts with an 12-byte ID string " Panasonic\0\0\0" < / td >
< td > < a href = "#R8" > [8]< / a > < / td >
< td > < / td >
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< p > < a href = "http://www.exif.org/" > Exif.org< / a > has another table with similar
info and sample pictures: < a href = "http://www.exif.org/samples.html" > Digital
Camera Sample Images< / a > . According to this source, (at least some) Ricoh and
Kodak cameras do not write the MakerNote in IFD format.< / p >
< h2 > References< / h2 >
< p > [1]< a name = "R1" > < / a > < a href = "http://park2.wakwak.com/%7Etsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html" > Exif
file format< / a > by TsuruZoh Tachibanaya< br >
[2]< a name = "R2" > < / a > < a href = "http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html" > EXIF MakerNote
of Canon< / a > by David Burren< br >
[3]< a name = "R3" > < / a > < a href = "http://www.tawbaware.com/990exif.htm" > MakerNote
EXIF Tag of the Nikon 990< / a > by Max Lyons< br >
[4]< a name = "R4" > < / a > < a href = "http://www.dicasoft.de/casiomn.htm" > " MakerNote"
Exif tag of Casio< / a > by Eckhard Henkel< br >
[5]< a name = "R5" > < / a > < a href = "http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm" > Minolta
MakerNote< / a > by Dalibor Jelinek< br >
[6]< a name = "R6" > < / a > < a href = "http://www.exif.org/makernotes/SanyoMakerNote.html" > Sanyo
MakerNote< / a > by John Hawkins< br >
[7]< a name = "R7" > < / a > < a href = "http://www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html" > SIGMA and FOVEON EXIF MakerNote Documentation< / a > by Foveon< br >
< a name = "R8" > [8]< / a > < a href = "http://www.compton.nu/panasonic.html" > Panasonic
MakerNote Information< / a > by Tom Hughes< br >
< a name = "R9" > [9]< / a > < a href = "http://www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/makernotes.html" >
Various Makernote specifications< / a > from the < a href = "http://www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/index.html" >
PHP JPEG Metadata Toolkit< / a > by Evan Hunter< / p >
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