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Andreas Huggel
21 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<title>Exif MakerNote Formats and Specifications</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>Exiv2 - Exif metadata manipulation library and tools</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<script type="text/javascript" src="include/sortabletable.js"></script>
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<h1>Exif MakerNote Formats and Specifications</h1>
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<p>The following table summarizes the structures of the MakerNote field used by
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different vendors.</p>
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<table width="100%" border="1">
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<h1>Exif metadata manipulation library and tools</h1>
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<tr>
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<td width="6%"><b>Make</b></td>
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<h2>MakerNote Formats and Specifications</h2>
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<td width="12%"><b>Models</b></td>
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<p>According to the <a title="The Exif 2.2 standard (PDF)" href="http://tsc.jeita.or.jp/avs/data/cp3451.pdf">Exif 2.2 standard</a>, the makernote is <i>"a tag for manufacturers of Exif writers to record any desired information. The contents are up to the manufacturer, but this tag should not be used for any other than its intended purpose."</i> Many (but not all) vendors write the makernote in IFD (Image File Directory) format, i.e., in the same format as the rest of the Exif information is encoded. Many manufacturers apparently store a lot of information in the makernote field but unfortunately, most vendors do not publish their specifications.</p>
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<td width="40%"><b>Format</b></td>
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<p>The following table summarizes the structures of the MakerNote field used by some vendors.</p>
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<td width="10%"><b>Specifications</b></td>
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<table class="ReportTable" id="report-1" cellspacing="0">
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<td width="32%"><b>Remarks</b></td>
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<colgroup>
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</tr>
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<td width="6%">Canon</td>
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<col>
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<td width="12%"> </td>
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<col align="center">
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<td width="40%">IFD</td>
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<col>
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<td width="10%"> <a href="#R2">[2]</a></td>
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</colgroup>
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<td width="32%"> </td>
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</tr>
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<th width="8%"><b>Make</b></th>
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<td width="6%">Casio</td>
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<th width="12%"><b>Models</b></th>
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<td width="12%">
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<th width="40%"><b>Format</b></th>
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<p>QV-3000EX, QV-2000UX, QV-8000SX</p>
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<th width="8%"><b>Specs</b></th>
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</td>
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<th width="32%"><b>Remarks</b></th>
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<td width="40%">IFD</td>
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</tr>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R4">[4]</a></td>
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</thead>
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<td width="32%">"Early" versions of QV-2000UX and QV-8000SX only
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have 4 bytes in the MakerNote field.</td>
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</tr>
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<td>Canon</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td width="6%">Fujifilm</td>
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<td>IFD</td>
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<td width="12%"> </td>
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<td> <a href="#R2">[2]</a></td>
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<td width="40%">IFD; starts with string "FUJIFILM" and an offset
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<td> </td>
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to the first IFD, offsets are relative to the beginning of the MakerNote</td>
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</tr>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R1">[1]</a></td>
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<td width="32%">Fujifilm's Exif data uses Motorola alignment, but the MakerNote
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<td>Casio</td>
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uses Intel alignment</td>
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<td>QV-3000EX, QV-2000UX, QV-8000SX</td>
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</tr>
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<td>IFD</td>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#R4">[4]</a></td>
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<td width="6%">Minolta</td>
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<td>"Early" versions of QV-2000UX and QV-8000SX only
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<td width="12%"> </td>
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have 4 bytes in the MakerNote field.</td>
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<td width="40%">IFD</td>
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</tr>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R5">[5]</a></td>
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<tr>
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<td width="32%">MakerNote numbers are always stored in Motorola/Macintosh
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<td>Fujifilm</td>
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style</td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<td>IFD; starts with string "FUJIFILM" and an offset
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<tr>
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to the first IFD, offsets are relative to the beginning of the MakerNote</td>
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<td width="6%">Nikon</td>
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<td><a href="#R1">[1]</a></td>
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<td width="12%">E990, D1</td>
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<td>Fujifilm's Exif data uses Motorola alignment, but the MakerNote
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<td width="40%">IFD (from offset 0x00)</td>
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uses Intel alignment</td>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R3">[3]</a></td>
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<td width="32%"> </td>
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</tr>
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<td>Minolta</td>
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<tr>
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<td> </td>
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<td width="6%">Nikon</td>
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<td>IFD</td>
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<td width="12%">E700, E800, E900, E900S, E910, E950</td>
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<td><a href="#R5">[5]</a></td>
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<td width="40%">IFD; starts with string "Nikon", IFD from offset
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<td>MakerNote numbers are always stored in Motorola/Macintosh
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0x08</td>
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style</td>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R1">[1]</a></td>
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<td width="32%"> </td>
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</tr>
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<td>Nikon</td>
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<td>E990, D1</td>
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<td width="6%">Olympus </td>
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<td>IFD (from offset 0x00)</td>
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<td width="12%">D450Z(C-920Z)</td>
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<td><a href="#R3">[3]</a></td>
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<td width="40%">IFD; starts with string "OLYMP", IFD from offset
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<td> </td>
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0x07</td>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R1">[1]</a></td>
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<td width="32%"> </td>
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<td>Nikon</td>
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</tr>
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<td>E700, E800, E900, E900S, E910, E950</td>
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<tr>
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<td>IFD; starts with string "Nikon", IFD from offset
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<td width="6%">Sanyo</td>
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0x08</td>
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<td width="12%">DSC-MZ2</td>
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<td><a href="#R1">[1]</a></td>
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<td width="40%">IFD</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R6">[6]</a></td>
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<td width="32%">Tag 0x00ff contains the offset to the start of the MakerNote(?).
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The semantics of the value is different in TIFF and JPEG images</td>
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<td>Olympus </td>
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</tr>
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<td>D450Z(C-920Z)</td>
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<td>IFD; starts with string "OLYMP", IFD from offset
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<td width="6%">Sigma, Foveon</td>
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0x07</td>
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<td width="12%"> </td>
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<td><a href="#R1">[1]</a></td>
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<td width="40%">IFD; Starts with an 8-byte ID string "SIGMA\0\0\0" or
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<td> </td>
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"FOVEON\0\0"</td>
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<td width="10%"><a href="#R7">[7]</a></td>
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<td width="32%"> </td>
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<td>Sanyo</td>
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</tr>
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<td>DSC-MZ2</td>
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</table>
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<td>IFD</td>
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<p><a href="http://www.exif.org/">Exif.org</a> has another table with similar
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<td><a href="#R6">[6]</a></td>
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info and sample pictures: <a href="http://www.exif.org/samples.html">Digital
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<td>Tag 0x00ff contains the offset to the start of the MakerNote(?).
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Camera Sample Images</a>. According to this source, (at least some) Ricoh and
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The semantics of the value is different in TIFF and JPEG images</td>
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Kodak cameras do not write the MakerNote in IFD format.</p>
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<h2>References:</h2>
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<p>[1]<a name="R1"></a> <a href="http://park2.wakwak.com/%7Etsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html">Exif
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<td>Sigma, Foveon</td>
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file format</a> by TsuruZoh Tachibanaya<br>
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<td> </td>
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[2]<a name="R2"></a> <a href="http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html">EXIF MakerNote
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<td>IFD; Starts with an 8-byte ID string "SIGMA\0\0\0" or
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of Canon</a> by David Burren<br>
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"FOVEON\0\0"</td>
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[3]<a name="R3"></a> <a href="http://www.tawbaware.com/990exif.htm">MakerNote
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<td><a href="#R7">[7]</a></td>
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EXIF Tag of the Nikon 990</a> by Max Lyons<br>
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<td> </td>
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[4]<a name="R4"></a> <a href="http://www.dicasoft.de/casiomn.htm">"MakerNote"
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Exif tag of Casio</a> by Eckhard Henkel<br>
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</tbody>
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[5]<a name="R5"></a> <a href="http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm">Minolta
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</table>
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MakerNote</a> by Dalibor Jeline<br>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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[6]<a name="R6"></a> <a href="http://www.exif.org/makernotes/SanyoMakerNote.html">Sanyo
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//<![CDATA[
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MakerNote</a> by John Hawkins<br>
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var t1 = new SortableTable(
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[7]<a name="R7"></a> <a href="http://www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html">SIGMA and FOVEON EXIF MakerNote Documentation</a> by Foveon</p>
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document.getElementById("report-1"),
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<p> </p>
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["String", "String", "Number", "String", "String", "String"]
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</body>
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);
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</html>
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t1.onsort = function () {
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var rows = t1.tBody.rows;
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var l = rows.length;
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for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
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removeClassName(rows[i], i % 2 ? "OddRow" : "EvenRow");
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addClassName(rows[i], i % 2 ? "EvenRow" : "OddRow");
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}
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};
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t1.onsort();
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//]]>
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</script>
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<p><a href="http://www.exif.org/">Exif.org</a> has another table with similar
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info and sample pictures: <a href="http://www.exif.org/samples.html">Digital
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Camera Sample Images</a>. According to this source, (at least some) Ricoh and
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Kodak cameras do not write the MakerNote in IFD format.</p>
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<h2>References:</h2>
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<p>[1]<a name="R1"></a> <a href="http://park2.wakwak.com/%7Etsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html">Exif
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file format</a> by TsuruZoh Tachibanaya<br>
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[2]<a name="R2"></a> <a href="http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html">EXIF MakerNote
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of Canon</a> by David Burren<br>
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[3]<a name="R3"></a> <a href="http://www.tawbaware.com/990exif.htm">MakerNote
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EXIF Tag of the Nikon 990</a> by Max Lyons<br>
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[4]<a name="R4"></a> <a href="http://www.dicasoft.de/casiomn.htm">"MakerNote"
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Exif tag of Casio</a> by Eckhard Henkel<br>
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[5]<a name="R5"></a> <a href="http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm">Minolta
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MakerNote</a> by Dalibor Jeline<br>
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[6]<a name="R6"></a> <a href="http://www.exif.org/makernotes/SanyoMakerNote.html">Sanyo
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MakerNote</a> by John Hawkins<br>
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[7]<a name="R7"></a> <a href="http://www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html">SIGMA and FOVEON EXIF MakerNote Documentation</a> by Foveon</p>
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