Exif MakerNote Formats and Specifications

The following table summarizes the structures of the MakerNote field used by different vendors.

Make Models Format Specifications Remarks
Canon   IFD [2]  
Casio

QV-3000EX, QV-2000UX, QV-8000SX

IFD [4] "Early" versions of QV-2000UX and QV-8000SX only have 4 bytes in the MakerNote field.
Fujifilm   IFD; starts with string "FUJIFILM" and an offset to the first IFD, offsets are relative to the beginning of the MakerNote [1] Fujifilm's Exif data uses Motorola alignment, but the MakerNote uses Intel alignment
Minolta   IFD [5] MakerNote numbers are always stored in Motorola/Macintosh style
Nikon E990, D1 IFD (from offset 0x00) [3]  
Nikon E700, E800, E900, E900S, E910, E950 IFD; starts with string "Nikon", IFD from offset 0x08 [1]  
Olympus D450Z(C-920Z) IFD; starts with string "OLYMP", IFD from offset 0x07 [1]  
Sanyo DSC-MZ2 IFD [6] Tag 0x00ff contains the offset to the start of the MakerNote(?). The semantics of the value is different in TIFF and JPEG images
Sigma, Foveon   IFD; Starts with an 8-byte ID string "SIGMA\0\0\0" or "FOVEON\0\0" [7]  

Exif.org has another table with similar info and sample pictures: Digital Camera Sample Images. According to this source, (at least some) Ricoh and Kodak cameras do not write the MakerNote in IFD format.

References:

[1] Exif file format by TsuruZoh Tachibanaya
[2] EXIF MakerNote of Canon by David Burren
[3] MakerNote EXIF Tag of the Nikon 990 by Max Lyons
[4] "MakerNote" Exif tag of Casio by Eckhard Henkel
[5] Minolta MakerNote by Dalibor Jeline
[6] Sanyo MakerNote by John Hawkins
[7] SIGMA and FOVEON EXIF MakerNote Documentation by Foveon